Bash Commands: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
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(→Chmod Calculator: added section from https://wiki.opensourceecology.de/index.php?title=Chmod&oldid=8035) |
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| + | See also https://biowikifarm.net/meta/Selected_Linux_commands | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Get help == | ||
| + | <source lang="bash"> | ||
| + | apropos ftp # searches for all program descriptions with ftp | ||
| + | man 7z # manual page for 7z | ||
| + | # shift + ? → searching a string (by regular expression) | ||
| + | # shift + n/n → find the next/previous match | ||
| + | # q → quit | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| + | Most commands provide a help option and the following works: | ||
| + | <source lang="bash" style="margin-left:1.5em;border:0px none;padding:0px;"> | ||
| + | a-command --help | ||
| + | a-command -h | ||
| + | # sometimes there is an info on usage | ||
| + | a-command --usage | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| + | |||
==Internet== | ==Internet== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ==File | + | <source lang="bash"> |
| − | + | # Download the given file and overwrites the local one according to the file’s timestamp | |
| + | wget --timestamping http://... | ||
| + | wget -N http://... | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==File Management== | ||
| + | <source lang="bash"> | ||
| + | gksudo nautilus # (start it as root) | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Text Search=== | ||
| + | Search text in files: | ||
| + | <source lang="bash"> | ||
| + | grep -r "your text" <directory> | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Find === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <source lang="bash"> | ||
| + | # print the path of the executable file | ||
| + | which <executable> | ||
| + | # search for a file or directory with the given filename | ||
| + | find <dir> -name <filename> | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Chmod Calculator{{anchor|chmod calculator}}=== | ||
| + | Set rights with <code>chmod</code>, e.g add executable rights <code>chmod u+x myscript.sh</code>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | See also http://www.onlineconversion.com/html_chmod_calculator.htm for setting rights numerically. | ||
== User Management == | == User Management == | ||
| + | === Add a User === | ||
| − | = | + | <source lang="bash"> |
| + | sudo adduser <username> | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| − | + | ==Unzip== | |
| − | = | + | <source lang="bash"> |
| − | + | tar -xzf <filename>.gz | |
| + | tar --extract --gzip --file=<filename>.gz | ||
| + | </source> | ||
==Cron Jobs== | ==Cron Jobs== | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <source lang="bash"> | |
| + | # run with -s (shell environment variables) | ||
| + | sudo -s <command> | ||
| + | sudo -s crontab -e # crontab -e: edit crontab jobs to add or remove cron jobs | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| + | |||
| + | http://www.sysadminslife.com/linux/cronjob-unter-debian-und-ubuntu-erstellen/ | ||
==Create Screens== | ==Create Screens== | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <source lang="bash"> | |
| + | screen # saves your screen even after session time out | ||
| + | screen -r # resumes a detached screen session | ||
| + | </source> | ||
* Ctrl+AC (create new terminal tab) | * Ctrl+AC (create new terminal tab) | ||
| − | + | * Ctrl+AA (switch between terminal tabs) | |
| + | |||
==Backup== | ==Backup== | ||
| Zeile 30: | Zeile 89: | ||
==Shutdown== | ==Shutdown== | ||
| − | |||
| − | [[Category: Software]] [[Category: IT]] | + | <source lang="bash"> |
| + | sudo shutdown -h 18:45 # at 18 o’clck 45min | ||
| + | </source> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category: Software]] | ||
| + | [[Category:OSEG - IT Administration]] | ||
Aktuelle Version vom 5. April 2018, 14:27 Uhr
See also https://biowikifarm.net/meta/Selected_Linux_commands
Get help
apropos ftp # searches for all program descriptions with ftp
man 7z # manual page for 7z
# shift + ? → searching a string (by regular expression)
# shift + n/n → find the next/previous match
# q → quit
Most commands provide a help option and the following works:
a-command --help
a-command -h
# sometimes there is an info on usage
a-command --usage
Internet
# Download the given file and overwrites the local one according to the file’s timestamp
wget --timestamping http://...
wget -N http://...
File Management
gksudo nautilus # (start it as root)
Text Search
Search text in files:
grep -r "your text" <directory>
Find
# print the path of the executable file
which <executable>
# search for a file or directory with the given filename
find <dir> -name <filename>
Chmod Calculator
Set rights with chmod, e.g add executable rights chmod u+x myscript.sh.
See also http://www.onlineconversion.com/html_chmod_calculator.htm for setting rights numerically.
User Management
Add a User
sudo adduser <username>
Unzip
tar -xzf <filename>.gz
tar --extract --gzip --file=<filename>.gz
Cron Jobs
# run with -s (shell environment variables)
sudo -s <command>
sudo -s crontab -e # crontab -e: edit crontab jobs to add or remove cron jobs
http://www.sysadminslife.com/linux/cronjob-unter-debian-und-ubuntu-erstellen/
Create Screens
screen # saves your screen even after session time out
screen -r # resumes a detached screen session
- Ctrl+AC (create new terminal tab)
- Ctrl+AA (switch between terminal tabs)
Backup
- sudo ./backupAll.bash <backupname>
Shutdown
sudo shutdown -h 18:45 # at 18 o’clck 45min